装载机/气缸体及气缸套的穴蚀破坏，引起裂纹甚至产生通孔，导致冷却水进入气缸和机油中，显著降低了柴油机的寿命及工作可靠性。那么，引起山东装载机气缸套穴蚀的原因有哪些呢？

装载机产生穴蚀的主要根源是气缸套的振动。当活塞到达上止点时，侧压力的作用方向发生变化，活塞从缸套的一面横摆到对面，出现了活塞摆的现象。由于活塞与缸套之间留有热间隙，所以活塞的摆动是有冲击性的。这种冲击引起缸套的强烈振动。当缸套壁振动时，水腔中发生交替的拉伸和压缩，从而使外壁附近水域中产生局部的高压和真空泡。在高真空的作用下，冷却水蒸发成气泡，有的真空泡和气泡发生在气缸套外壁微小的针孔中，或在振动的作用下被挤入针孔。当真空泡或气泡受到高压冲击而破裂时，就在破裂区附近产生压力冲击波，其压力可达数十大气压并冲击气缸外壁，这样频繁的反复冲击，就使缸套表面急剧损坏。
The main source of Shandong loaders produce cavitation is vibration cylinder liner. When the piston reaches top dead center, the direction of the lateral pressure changes, the piston from the cylinder liner placed in the opposite side of the cross, appeared piston swing phenomenon. Since the gap is left between the piston and cylinder heat, so there is a swing piston shock resistance.This impact caused a strong vibration liner. When the liner wall vibration, water chamber occurred alternately stretching and compression, so that the generated partial pressure and vacuum bubble

wall nearby waters. Action under high vacuum, the cooling water evaporates into bubbles, some vacuum bubble and the bubble generation in the outer wall of the cylinder liner tiny pinholes, or under the action of vibration is extruded into a pinhole. Really vacuoles or bubbles burst when subjected to high voltage shock, it creates a pressure shock wave in the vicinity of the rupture area, up to tens of atmospheric pressure and the impact of the cylinder wall, so often repeated impact, it makes a sharp liner surface damage.

为了防止装载机穴蚀，目前常用的方法是减小气缸与活塞之间的间隙，从而减小缸套的振动；采用长的活塞裙部；加大冷却水流速，改进水流方向及冷却系的结构；增加气缸套的支承刚度；改进气缸套的材料及工艺，以提高其抗穴蚀能力等。
In order to prevent cavitation Shandong loaders, the most commonly used method is to reduce the gap between the cylinder and the piston, thereby reducing the vibration of the liner; with long piston skirt; increase the cooling water flow rate, improve the flow direction and Cooling structure; increase the cylinder liner bearing stiffness; improved cylinder liner materials and processes in order to improve its anti-cavitation capabilities.